Rosiglitazone as a cause of acute interstitial nephritis.

Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) is characterized histologically by the infiltration of the non-vascular regions of the kidney with polymorphonuclear cells, eosinophils and plasma cells [1]. The main causes are either infectious or drug related. Infectious causes are Legionella, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, EBV, CMV, HIV as well as Rickettsia, leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis. Drug causes include antibiotics [2], NSAIDS [3,4] and diuretics as well as proton pump inhibitors [5], captopril, phenytoin, allopurinol and interferon. Rarely, AIN can be caused by anti-tubule basement membrane disease, sarcoidosis and tubulo-interstsial and uveitis syndrome [1].